Romanization is the transcription of characters of another alphabet into Roman characters so as to make a text, and specifically a bibliographic entry, readable. Choose an arrangement that presents the source works in as clear, orderly and logical a manner as possible.
In most cases, however, a straightforward, alphabetical, letter-by-letter arrangement (see 9.42 Alphabetical arrangement) will suffice. Other arrangements are possible-separate listings for books and articles, for example. The Canada Year Book, for example, contains a listing of general reference works as well as separate listings, at the end of each chapter, on such topics as geography, health, the legal system, art and culture, banking and finance, and transportation. If a book covers a broad subject, or if each chapter in it is devoted to a different topic, it may be more practical to break the source material down into a general bibliography of works covering the subject as a whole and a number of separate listings of works referring to specific chapter topics or fields. A bibliography may appear at the end of a book, report or other document (before the index, if any), at the end of a chapter, or as a separate document. An annotated bibliography contains comments made by the author concerning the scope, usefulness or other features of the works listed. A bibliography may list all the works consulted by a writer, as well as others the writer believes readers will find useful, or it may be restricted to a listing of works actually cited in the text. Various types of bibliography are possible, depending on the nature of the book or document in which they are to appear.
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The bibliographic style presented here is based on International Standard ISO 690 entitled Documentation-Bibliographic References-Content, Form and Structure and on ISBD (International Standard Bibliographic Description) protocols. Bibliographic standards have been established for the translation of a reference work listing from one language to another. Reference works should always be listed in the same manner within a single bibliography, for reasons of precision, uniformity and clarity. 9.02 Bibliographies, Generalīibliographies are indispensable research tools that list books and articles related to a general or highly specialized field of study in order to help the reader locate and consult a particular book or article. Indexes, on the other hand, never contain information they guide the reader to information in the text. Footnotes and endnotes may also contain a reference to information found elsewhere in the book or article, or provide supplementary or background data that cannot easily be incorporated into the body of the text. The purpose of this chapter is to provide guidelines for the organization and presentation of bibliographies, footnotes, endnotes and indexes.īibliographies and reference notes are the means used by authors in all fields to document the source of any quotations or ideas that are not their own.
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